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[null,"This is the WFRC parking management planning tool. Its purpose is to provide planning-level parking reduction estimates for developments within the jurisdiction of the Wasatch Front Regional Council."]
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[null,"STEP ONE, select the 1 Land Use tab to enter details about the project. The first four cells are where the user should type in the following details:"]
[null,null,"Project Name"]
[null,null,"Lead Agency"]
[null,null,"Project Location"]
[null,null,"Analyst"]
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[null,"STEP TWO, add the following details about the traffic network surrounding the development:"]
[null,null,"Level of urbanization"]
[null,null,"Intersection density"]
[null,null,"Transit infrastructure"]
[null,null,"Bicycle infrastructure"]
[null,null,"Availability of parking"]
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[null,"STEP THREE, select up to two land uses that will drive the parking demand at the project. If there are more than two land uses in the project, select the two with the highest parking demand."]
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[null,"STEP FOUR, select up to five strategies and up to four policy options to be implemented at the development. Options that are incompatible with previously selected criteria cannot be selected."]
[null,"Note that a text box at the bottom of the tab will provide a description of the most recently selected strategy or policy."]
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[null,"STEP FIVE, select the 2 Report tab to view the range of parking demand reductions that can be anticipated at the development."]

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[null,"Input data here"]
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[null,"Project Name",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Lead Agency"]
[null,"Insert project name here",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Insert lead agency here"]
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[null,"Project Location (address, city, district)",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Analyst"]
[null,"Insert project location details here",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Insert analyst details here"]
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[null,null,null,null,"Unbundle/Price Residential Parking",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Priority Carpool Parking ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Lower Parking Minimums"]
[null,null,null,null,"Enhanced Transit",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Advanced Wayfinding and Parking Use Tech",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Eliminating Parking Minimums"]
[null,null,null,null,"Enhanced Ped & Bike Networks",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Parking Time Limits",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Parking Maxima"]
[null,null,null,null,"Increased Development Density",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Demand-Based Parking Pricing",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Shared Parking Policy"]
[null,null,null,null,"Price/Cash-Out Workplace Parking",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Bicycle Parking Policy "]
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[]
[null,"Enhanced Transit: This measure will improve transit accessibility, efficiency, security, and/or other metrics to incentivise higher transit use. On the assumption that increased transit use will require less vehicle ownership, this measure results in decreased parking use. Transit may not be available in all areas and will be affected by density of origin and destination land uses.\n\nSmall-scale example: Transit headways or fees are reduced\nLarge-scale example: Rail lines are double-tracked or electrified allowing for higher speeds and shorter travel times","Eliminating Parking Minimums (Policy): This Policy measure is a bold policy approach that entails eliminating the requirement that new developments provide a minimum number of parking spaces. This shift in policy has gained traction as a means to address a variety of urban challenges and promote a more sustainable and people-centered development. However, eliminating parking minimums may not be suitable for all communities or development settings.\nExample: Parking requirements for residential developments are elimited entirely. No parking would be required to be provided."]
[]
[]
[null,null,{"$f":"_xlfn.CONCAT(\"Reduction Range \",TEXT(calc!O47,\"0%\"),\" to \",TEXT(calc!P47,\"0%\"))","v":"Reduction Range 25% to 50%"}]

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["Options to Modernize Parking"]
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["Project Description"]
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[null,{"$f":"IF(\"\"='1 Land Use'!B7,\"\",'1 Land Use'!B7)","v":"Insert project location details here"},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"INDEX(calc!$H$13:$N$18,MATCH(calc!$C$8,calc!$G$13:$G$18,0),MATCH(calc!$D$8,calc!$H$12:$N$12,0))","v":"Urban Core"},null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"INDEX(calc!$H$13:$N$18,MATCH(calc!$C$9,calc!$G$13:$G$18,0),MATCH(calc!$D$9,calc!$H$12:$N$12,0))","v":"Dense"},null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"INDEX(calc!$H$13:$N$18,MATCH(calc!$C$10,calc!$G$13:$G$18,0),MATCH(calc!$D$10,calc!$H$12:$N$12,0))","v":"Comprehensive"},null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"INDEX(calc!$H$13:$N$18,MATCH(calc!$C$11,calc!$G$13:$G$18,0),MATCH(calc!$D$11,calc!$H$12:$N$12,0))","v":"Some"}]
[null,{"$f":"IF(\"\"='1 Land Use'!B8,\"\",'1 Land Use'!B8)","v":""}]
[]
[]
[null,{"$f":"IF(\"\"='1 Land Use'!AD4,\"\",'1 Land Use'!AD4)","v":"Insert lead agency here"},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"On-street Parking (yes/no)?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"INDEX(calc!$H$13:$N$18,MATCH(calc!$C$12,calc!$G$13:$G$18,0),MATCH(calc!$D$12,calc!$H$12:$N$12,0))","v":"Yes"}]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Off-street Parking (yes/no)?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"INDEX(calc!$H$13:$N$18,MATCH(calc!$C$13,calc!$G$13:$G$18,0),MATCH(calc!$D$13,calc!$H$12:$N$12,0))","v":"Yes"}]
[]
[null,{"$f":"IF(\"\"='1 Land Use'!AD7,\"\",'1 Land Use'!AD7)","v":"Insert analyst details here"},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Primary Land-uses in the Project Site"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"IFERROR(INDEX(calc!$C$19:$C$25,MATCH(TRUE,calc!$D$19:$D$25,0),1),\"-\")","v":"Residential"},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"IF(X19=\"-\",\"-\",IF(COUNTIFS(calc!$D$19:$D$25,TRUE)>1,IFERROR(INDEX(calc!$C$19:$C$25,_xlfn.XMATCH(TRUE,calc!$D$19:$D$25,0,-1),1),\"-\"),\"-\"))","v":"Office"}]
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[]
[]
[null,"Potentional Range of Parking Demand Reduction ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Consider this!"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"There are an average of eight parking spaces (including on-street parking) for each car in cities in the USA! High parking minimums prevent cities to meet regional goals for compact, walkable, fiscally responsible communities with safe, user-friendly streets. "]
[]
[null,{"$f":"\"Reduction Range\" & CHAR(10) & TEXT(calc!O47,\"0%\") & \" to \" & TEXT(calc!P47,\"0%\")","v":"Reduction Range\n25% to 50%"},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Structured parking cost could range from $20,000 - $80,000 or more per parking space. The high cost of providing structured parking can lead to higher rents for tenants, including those without cars. For a typical affordable housing development, adding one space per unit increases leasing costs by roughly 12.5%"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"In addition to the direct costs, there are environmental and indirect costs to communities such as promoting vehicle travel over walking, biking and transit use which results in congestions, delays, and increase in greenhouse gas emissions."]
[]
["Policy Options Selected"]
[]
[]
[null,"Parking Maxima Policy: This policy involves setting an upper limit on the number of parking spaces allowed for a specific development or area. Unlike minimum parking requirements, which require a minimum number of parking spaces, parking maximums limit excessive parking supply Many times oversupply of parking is caused by developers providing more parking than is required by the municipal code.\nExample: Parking requirements for residential developments would cap parking at 1.5 stalls/unit, but fewer stalls would also be permitted."]
[]
[null,"Parking Maxima Policy: This policy involves setting an upper limit on the number of parking spaces allowed for a specific development or area. Unlike minimum parking requirements, which require a minimum number of parking spaces, parking maximums limit excessive parking supply Many times oversupply of parking is caused by developers providing more parking than is required by the municipal code.\nExample: Parking requirements for residential developments would cap parking at 1.5 stalls/unit, but fewer stalls would also be permitted."]
[]
[null,"Shared Parking Policy: A shared parking policy allows for two or more land uses to share parking spaces without conflict or encroachment. The ability to share parking spaces is the result of two conditions: Variations in the accumulation of vehicles by hour, by day, or by season at the individual land uses; or/and relationships among the land uses that result in visiting multiple land uses on the same auto trip.Shared parking can maximize the use and efficiency of existing parking facilities, reduce the need to provide more parking, and enable more compact development.Example: allow for reduced parking supply at mixed-use developments."]
[]
[null,"Bicycle Parking Policy: A progressive bicycle policy can play a significant role in reducing parking demand by encouraging the use of active transportation options and reducing the need for personal vehicles. This policy can include reducing vehicular parking requirements if developments propose a certain number of long-term and short-bicycle parking in addition to other bicycle amenities like showers facilites, lockers, etc at developments. The policy could also include systemwide investment in improvement to bicycle infrastructure, and amenities.  \n\nExample: Zoning code may allow replacement of up to 30% of off-street automobile parking requirements for commercial  and 10% for residential and hotel uses with bicycle parking. "]
[]
["Strategy Options Selected"]
[]
[]
[null,"Enhanced Transit: Investments in high quality, frequent and reliable transit network can be a game changer in reducing parking demand by providing commuters and other travels an attractive alternative to driving and as a result reduce parking demand both at origin and destination of trips. A successfully operated transit network can provide convenient access to destinations and encourages people to shift their travel mode, further reducing investments in expensive roadway/freeway capacity improvements.\nSmall-scale example: Transit headways or fees are reduced\nLarge-scale example: Rail lines are double-tracked or electrified allowing for higher speeds and shorter travel times"]
[]
[null,"Enhanced Ped & Bike Networks: Enhancing pedestrian and bike infrastructure such as sidewalks, crosswalks, bike lanes, protected bike paths, bicycle parking, etc. can incentivize people to not use an automobile to make short trips. A well-connected, safe, low stress, and aesthetically appealing network of active transportation facilities can significantly change the mode share and reduce parking demand. \nExample: Providing protected bike lanes between major origin and destination nodes."]
[]
[null,"Increased Development Density\n(Smart Growth): More intense or compact development maximizes efficient use of land and reduces parking demand because many trips can be completed on other modes such as walking and biking. Mixed-use development, a common feature of more intense development, reduces the need for long-distance trips in automobiles as most of the daily necessities are easily accessible within a relatively small radius. Compact development is conducive to shared parking arrangements and therefore reduces parking demand. Transit investments are more feasible for communities that have high development intensities and adequate number of riders within small distance to stop or station areas. \n\nExample: adding mixed-use infill development to encourage trip capture."]
[]
[null,"Priority Carpool Parking: This strategy encourages carpooling by providing a designated and convenient space for carpool vehicles. By making parking experience convenient and many times free, the strategy helps in reducing parking demand from single-occupancy vehicles. The strategy also incentivizes rider-sharing and reduces traffic congestion. Carpoolers can share the cost of commuting using a vehicle and may save the cost of parking. This strategy requires careful planning and coordination between carpoolers, employers, property owners and parking management staff for the program to be successful and yield the desired results.\nExample: Designating desirable parking spaces for HOVs or by waiving parking fees for HOVs.\n\n"]
[]
[null,"Advanced Wayfinding and ITS Technologies: Good signage can direct parkers to available spaces quickly and efficiently. An integrated parking guidance system includes wayfinding signage, digital displays, and mobile applications to assist motorists in locating parking spaces. This strategy contributes to a more efficient use of parking spaces and can be used to effectively direct motorists to lesser-known or less-desired spaces within a district. "]

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[null,null,"Input",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"On-street and off-street parking don't actually affect anything right now.",null,null,"Lower Parking Minimums & Eliminating Parking Minimums should not occur together"]
[null,null,"Input Name","Value","Desc",null,"Effectiveness of reductions. Higher numbers mean the reductions will be more effective.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"PRODUCT(O4:O9)","v":0.76949999999999996},null,null,"Strategies Affected by Area Settings","Enter a \"1\" if the effectiveness is affected the area settings from columns U-Z"]
[null,null,"Project Name",{"$f":"'1 Land Use'!B4","v":"Insert project name here"},null,null,null,1,2,3,4,5,true,false,"Effectiveness"]
[null,null,"Project Location (address, city, district)",{"$f":"'1 Land Use'!B7","v":"Insert project location details here"},null,null,{"$f":"C8","v":"Area Setting (Rural -> Urban)"},0.5,0.7,0.8,0.9,1,0,0,{"$f":"INDEX($H4:$N4,1,MATCH($D8,$H$3:$N$3,0))","v":0.9},null,null,null,{"$f":"C8","v":"Area Setting (Rural -> Urban)"},{"$f":"C9","v":"Intersection Density"},{"$f":"C10","v":"Transit Infrastructure"},{"$f":"C11","v":"Bike Infrastructure"},{"$f":"C12","v":"Parking allowed On-Street"},{"$f":"C13","v":"Parking allowed Off-Street"},"Land Use","Area Setting (Rural,Urban)","Intersection Density","Transit Infrastructure","Bike Infrastructure","Parking allowed On-Street","Parking allowed Off-Street","Land Uses","Mutual Exclusions","Active"]
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[null,null,"Analyst",{"$f":"'1 Land Use'!AD7","v":"Insert analyst details here"},null,null,"Transit Infrastructure",0.5,0.75,1,0,0,0,0,1,null,null,"Eliminating Parking Minimums",45,345,123,123,12,12,null,1,2,3,{"$f":"IFERROR(SEARCH($S$40,V6),0)","v":1},1,1,null,{"$f":"IF($D$29=FALSE,1,0)","v":1},{"$f":"PRODUCT(Z6:AG6)","v":6}]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,"Bike Infrastructure",0.8,0.9,1,0,0,0,0,0.9,null,null,"Parking Maxima",12345,12345,123,123,12,12,null,4,4,3,1,1,1,null,null,48]
[null,null,"Area Setting (Rural -> Urban)",4,"1=rural, 5=TOD",null,"Parking allowed On-Street",0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,null,null,"Shared Parking Policy",45,345,123,123,12,12,null,1,2,3,1,1,1,null,null,6]
[null,null,"Intersection Density",4,"1 = very sparse, 5=very dense",null,"Parking allowed Off-Street",0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,null,null,"Bicycle Parking Policy ",45,345,123,123,12,12,null,1,2,3,1,1,1,null,null,6]
[null,null,"Transit Infrastructure",3,"1=none, 3=comprehensive",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Unbundle/Price Residential Parking",12345,12345,123,123,12,12,2,4,4,3,1,1,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(IF($D$19,SEARCH($E$19,Y10),0),0) + IFERROR(IF($D$20,SEARCH($E$20,Y10),0),0) + IFERROR(IF($D$21,SEARCH($E$21,Y10),0),0) + IFERROR(IF($D$22,SEARCH($E$22,Y10),0),0) + IFERROR(IF($D$23,SEARCH($E$23,Y10),0),0) + IFERROR(IF($D$24,SEARCH($E$24,Y10),0),0) + IFERROR(IF($D$25,SEARCH($E$25,Y10),0),0)","v":1},null,{"$f":"PRODUCT(Z10:AF10)","v":48}]
[null,null,"Bike Infrastructure",2,"1=none, 3=comprehensive",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Enhanced Transit",12345,12345,123,123,12,12,1234567,4,4,3,1,1,1,{"$f":"IFERROR(IF($D$19,SEARCH($E$19,Y11),0),0) + IFERROR(IF($D$20,SEARCH($E$20,Y11),0),0) + IFERROR(IF($D$21,SEARCH($E$21,Y11),0),0) + IFERROR(IF($D$22,SEARCH($E$22,Y11),0),0) + IFERROR(IF($D$23,SEARCH($E$23,Y11),0),0) + IFERROR(IF($D$24,SEARCH($E$24,Y11),0),0) + IFERROR(IF($D$25,SEARCH($E$25,Y11),0),0)","v":8},null,{"$f":"PRODUCT(Z11:AF11)","v":384}]
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[null,null,"Parking allowed Off-Street",true,{"$f":"IF(calc!D13,1,0)","v":1},null,{"$f":"C8","v":"Area Setting (Rural -> Urban)"},"Rural","Suburban","Mixed Use","Urban Core","TOD",null,null,null,null,null,"Increased Development Density",12345,12345,123,123,12,12,234567,4,4,3,1,1,1,6,null,288]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,"Intersection Density","Very Sparse","Sparce","Medium","Dense","Very Dense",null,null,null,null,null,"Price/Cash-Out Workplace Parking",12345,12345,123,123,12,12,56,4,4,3,1,1,1,2,null,96]
[null,null,"Dynamic Inputs. Do not edit these cells.",null,null,null,"Transit Infrastructure","None","Some","Comprehensive",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Priority Carpool Parking ",12345,12345,123,123,12,12,4567,4,4,3,1,1,1,3,null,144]
[null,null,"Analyst Inputs. Edit these cells as needed.",null,null,null,"Bike Infrastructure","None","Some","Comprehensive",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Advanced Wayfinding and Parking Use Tech",12345,12345,123,123,12,12,1347,4,4,3,1,1,1,0,null,0]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,"Parking allowed On-Street",null,null,null,null,null,"Yes","No",null,null,null,"Parking Time Limits",12345,12345,123,123,12,12,1347,4,4,3,1,1,1,0,null,0]
[null,null,"Primary LU (choose up to 2)",null,null,null,"Parking allowed Off-Street",null,null,null,null,null,"Yes","No",null,null,null,"Demand-Based Parking Pricing",12345,12345,123,123,12,12,1347,4,4,3,1,1,1,0,null,0]
[null,null,"Industrial",false,1]
[null,null,"Residential",true,2]
[null,null,"Lodging",false,3]
[null,null,"Retail",false,4]
[null,null,"Institutional",false,5]
[null,null,"Office",true,6]
[null,null,"Others",false,7]
[null,null,"More than 2 selected",{"$f":"IF(COUNTIFS($D$19:$D$25,TRUE)>2,TRUE,FALSE)","v":false}]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,true,null,false,null,null,"Overall Parking Demand",null,"Overall Parking Reduction"]
[null,null,"Policy Opt Set 1",null,{"$f":"C28","v":"Policy Opt Set 1"},null,null,"Low","High","Low","High",null,"Low","High","Low","High"]
[null,null,"Lower Parking Minimums",false,{"$f":"TEXT(100*(1-M34),\"0\") & \" - \" & TEXT(1*(1-N34),\"0%\")","v":"0 - 0%"},null,{"$f":"C29","v":"Lower Parking Minimums"},{"$f":"Backend!AS3","v":0},{"$f":"Backend!AT3","v":0},0,0,null,{"$f":"IF($D29=TRUE,1-$O$2*H$29,1-$O$2*J$29)","v":1},1,{"$f":"1-M29","v":0},{"$f":"1-N29","v":0}]
[null,null,"Eliminating Parking Minimums",false,null,null,{"$f":"C30","v":"Eliminating Parking Minimums"},{"$f":"Backend!AS4","v":0},{"$f":"Backend!AT4","v":0},0,0,null,1,1,0,0]
[null,null,"Parking Maxima",true,null,null,{"$f":"C31","v":"Parking Maxima"},{"$f":"Backend!AS5","v":0},{"$f":"Backend!AT5","v":0},0,0,null,1,1,0,0]
[null,null,"Shared Parking Policy",false,null,null,{"$f":"C32","v":"Shared Parking Policy"},{"$f":"Backend!AS6","v":0},{"$f":"Backend!AT6","v":0},0,0,null,1,1,0,0]
[null,null,"Bicycle Parking Policy ",false,null,null,{"$f":"C33","v":"Bicycle Parking Policy "},{"$f":"Backend!AS7","v":0},{"$f":"Backend!AT7","v":0},0,0,null,1,1,0,0]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"PRODUCT(M29:M33)","v":1},{"$f":"PRODUCT(N29:N33)","v":1},{"$f":"1-M34","v":0},0]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,true,null,false,null,null,"Overall Parking Demand",null,"Overall Parking Reduction"]
[null,null,"Strategy Opt Set 1",null,{"$f":"C37","v":"Strategy Opt Set 1"},null,null,"Low","High","Low","High",null,"Low","High","Low","High"]
[null,null,"Unbundle/Price Residential Parking",false,{"$f":"TEXT(100*(1-M47),\"0\") & \" - \" & TEXT(1*(1-N47),\"0%\")","v":"27 - 65%"},null,{"$f":"C38","v":"Unbundle/Price Residential Parking"},{"$f":"Backend!AS8","v":0.1},{"$f":"Backend!AT8","v":0.3},0,0,null,{"$f":"IF($D38=TRUE,1-$O$2*H$38,1-$O$2*J$38)","v":1},{"$f":"IF($D38=TRUE,1-$O$2*I$38,1-$O$2*K$38)","v":1},{"$f":"1-M38","v":0},{"$f":"1-N38","v":0}]
[null,null,"Enhanced Transit",true,null,null,"Enhanced Transit",{"$f":"Backend!AS9","v":0.1},{"$f":"Backend!AT9","v":0.3},0,0,null,0.92305000000000004,0.76915,7.6949999999999963E-2,0.23085]
[null,null,"Enhanced Ped & Bike Networks",true,null,null,"Enhanced Ped & Bike Networks",{"$f":"Backend!AS10","v":0.05},{"$f":"Backend!AT10","v":0.15},0,0,null,0.92305000000000004,0.76915,7.6949999999999963E-2,0.23085]
[null,null,"Increased Development Density",true,null,null,"Increased Development Density",{"$f":"Backend!AS11","v":0.1},{"$f":"Backend!AT11","v":0.3},0,0,null,0.92305000000000004,0.76915,7.6949999999999963E-2,0.23085]
[null,null,"Price/Cash-Out Workplace Parking",false,null,null,"Price/Cash-Out Workplace Parking",{"$f":"Backend!AS12","v":0.1},{"$f":"Backend!AT12","v":0.3},0,0,null,1,1,0,0]
[null,null,"Priority Carpool Parking ",true,null,null,"Priority Carpool Parking ",{"$f":"Backend!AS13","v":0.1},{"$f":"Backend!AT13","v":0.3},0,0,null,0.92305000000000004,0.76915,{"$f":"1-M43","v":7.6949999999999963E-2},{"$f":"1-N43","v":0.23085}]
[null,null,"Advanced Wayfinding & Parking Use Tech",false,null,null,"Advanced Wayfinding & Parking Use Tech",{"$f":"Backend!AS14","v":0.05},{"$f":"Backend!AT14","v":0.15},0,0,null,1,1,0,0]
[null,null,"Parking Time Limits",false,null,null,"Parking Time Limits",{"$f":"Backend!AS15","v":0.05},{"$f":"Backend!AT15","v":0.15},0,0,null,1,1,0,0]
[null,null,"Demand-Based Parking Pricing",false,null,null,"Demand-Based Parking Pricing",{"$f":"Backend!AS16","v":0.1},{"$f":"Backend!AT16","v":0.3},0,0,null,1,1,0,0]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"PRODUCT(M38:M46)","v":0.72594029991379661},{"$f":"PRODUCT(N38:N46)","v":0.34998076613051704},{"$f":"MIN(1-M47,25%)","v":0.25},{"$f":"MIN(1-N47,50%)","v":0.5}]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Low","High"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,"MAXIMUM REDUCTION:",1,1]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Consider this!"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,1,"There are an average of eight parking spaces (including on-street parking) for each car in cities in the USA! High parking minimums prevent cities to meet regional goals for compact, walkable, fiscally responsible communities with safe, user-friendly streets. "]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,2,"Structured parking cost could range from $20,000 - $80,000 or more per parking space. The high cost of providing structured parking can lead to higher rents for tenants, including those without cars. For a typical affordable housing development, adding one space per unit increases leasing costs by roughly 12.5%"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,3,"In addition to the direct costs, there are environmental and indirect costs to communities such as promoting vehicle travel over walking, biking and transit use which results in congestions, delays, and increase in greenhouse gas emissions."]

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[null,null,null,null,"Effects",null,"Issues that need Addressing (On-Street Parking)",null,null,null,"Issues that need Addressing (Off-Street Parking)",null,null,null,null,"Suitable Transects",null,null,null,null,"Suitable Land Uses",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Needed Code and Policy Support","Transit Station Parking",null,null,null,"Mode Shift Potential by Land Use",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Potential for Revenue Generation","Parking Reduction Potentail"]
["Row Height","Sort","Name of Strategy","Description/Examples","Short-Term","Long-Term","Residents cannot find spaces in their neighborhood","Convenient spaces are not available to retail shoppers","On-street parking is difficult to find","Traffic Congestion occurs as driver search for on-street parking","Convenient spaces are not available to shoppers in commercial areas","Parking lots and structures are usually full","Parking patterns are uneven","Parking \"poaching\" is occuring where patrons from one use occupy parking provided for another use","Cars are parked for long periods of time, excluding daily parkers.","TOD","Urban Core","Urban/\nMixed-Use","Suburban","Rural","Industrial","Residential","Lodging","Recreational","Institutional","Office","Retail","Service","Other",null,"Transit Station Parking","Required available access modes","Required quality of transit network","Required quality of ped/bike network","Industrial","Residential","Lodging","Recreational","Institutional","Office","Retail","Service","Other",null,"Low","High","Implementation Notes","Sources"]
[100,1,"Lower Parking Minimums (Policy)","     This measure involves reducing the minimum parking supply required at a new development. By not forcing a higher minimum parking ratio, it allows the developers and landowners with added flexibility to provide parking that is context sensitive and avoid building excess parking supplies that is never utilized.\nExample: Reducing parking requirements for residential developments from 1.5 stalls/unit to 1 stall/unit","Less parking required at developments, more complains that there isn't enough parking","Higher development density and reduced car ownership",1,1,1,null,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,"1,2,3",1,null,null,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,null,0,0,null,null,0.1,0.3]
[100,2,"Eliminating Parking Minimums (Policy)","This Policy measure is a bold policy approach that entails eliminating the requirement that new developments provide a minimum number of parking spaces. This shift in policy has gained traction as a means to address a variety of urban challenges and promote a more sustainable and people-centered development. However, eliminating parking minimums may not be suitable for all communities or development settings.\nExample: Parking requirements for residential developments are elimited entirely. No parking would be required to be provided.","Less parking required at developments, more complains that there isn't enough parking","Higher development density and reduced car ownership",1,1,1,null,1,1,1,1,1,1,null,null,null,null,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,5,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,null,0,0,null,null,0.1,0.3]
[100,3,"Parking Maxima Policy","This policy involves setting an upper limit on the number of parking spaces allowed for a specific development or area. Unlike minimum parking requirements, which require a minimum number of parking spaces, parking maximums limit excessive parking supply Many times oversupply of parking is caused by developers providing more parking than is required by the municipal code.\nExample: Parking requirements for residential developments would cap parking at 1.5 stalls/unit, but fewer stalls would also be permitted.","Less parking required at developments, more complains that there isn't enough parking","Higher development density and reduced car ownership",1,1,1,null,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,"1,2,3,4,5",1,null,null,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,null,0,0,null,"(1) California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). 2012. California Household Travel Survey (CHTS). Available: https://www.nrel.gov/transportation/secure-transportation-data/tsdc-california-travelsurvey.html. Accessed: January 2021.  \n\n(2) Chatman, D. 2013. Does TOD need the T? On the importance of factors other than rail access. Journal of the American Planning Association 79(1). Available: https://trid.trb.org/view/1243004 . Accessed: January 2021.  \n\n(3) Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE). 2019. Parking Generation Manual. 5th Edition. February. Available: https://ecommerce.ite.org/IMIS/ItemDetail?iProductCode=PG5-ALL. Accessed: May 2021.",0.1,0.3]
[100,4,"Shared Parking Policy","A shared parking policy allows for two or more land uses to share parking spaces without conflict or encroachment. The ability to share parking spaces is the result of two conditions: Variations in the accumulation of vehicles by hour, by day, or by season at the individual land uses; or/and relationships among the land uses that result in visiting multiple land uses on the same auto trip.Shared parking can maximize the use and efficiency of existing parking facilities, reduce the need to provide more parking, and enable more compact development.Example: allow for reduced parking supply at mixed-use developments.","Less parking required at mixed-use developments, parking demand occasionally exceeds capacity.","Higher development density; Reduced parking facility costs; Reduces paved area",null,1,null,1,1,1,1,null,null,1,1,1,1,1,null,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,"1,2,3,4,5",1,null,null,null,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,null,0,0,"Shared Parking does not directly reduce vehicle travel if it substitutes for increased parking supply.","(1) VTPI, 2015. Shared Parking: Sharing Parking Facilities Among Multiple Users. Available: https://www.vtpi.org/tdm/tdm89.htm. Accessed October 2022",0.1,0.3]
[100,5,"Bicycle Parking Policy","A progressive bicycle policy can play a significant role in reducing parking demand by encouraging the use of active transportation options and reducing the need for personal vehicles. This policy can include reducing vehicular parking requirements if developments propose a certain number of long-term and short-bicycle parking in addition to other bicycle amenities like showers facilites, lockers, etc at developments. The policy could also include systemwide investment in improvement to bicycle infrastructure, and amenities.  \n\nExample: Zoning code may allow replacement of up to 30% of off-street automobile parking requirements for commercial  and 10% for residential and hotel uses with bicycle parking. ","Less automobile parking and encourages quality bicycle parking and amenities","Encourages active transportation mode and reduces SOV travel",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,1,1,null,null,null,null,1,1,null,1,1,1,1,1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,0,0,null,null,0.05,0.15,4.3999999999999997E-2,0.25]
[100,6,"Unbundle or Price Residential Parking","This strategy involves separating the cost of leasing or owning a parking space from the cost of leasing or owning a residential unit. Unbundling parking decouples the cost of parking from the unit and requires the resident to make a choice whether they want to pay extra to own and park their car or not. It provides the flexibility to only use parking if they need it and has the effect of reducing car ownership and parking demand while encouraging non-automobile travel. \nExample: Each parking space at a residential development incurs a monthly fee and can be opted out of.","Less parking required at residential developments, complains that parking is too expensive.","Higher development density and reduced car ownership",null,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"1,2",1,null,null,null,3,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2,0.1,0.3,null,"(1) AAA. 2019. Your Driving Costs. September. Available: https://exchange.aaa.com/wpcontent/uploads/2019/09/AAA-Your-Driving-Costs-2019.pdf. Accessed: January 2021.  \n\n(2) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). 2017. National Household Travel Survey – 2017 Table Designer. Annual VMT / Vehicle by Count of Household Vehicles in California. Available: https://nhts.ornl.gov/. Accessed: March 2021.  \n\n(3) Litman, T. 2020. Parking Requirement Impacts on Housing Affordability. June. Available: https://www.vtpi.org/park-hou.pdf. Accessed: January 2021.",1.4999999999999999E-2,0.08]
[100,7,"Enhanced Transit","Investments in high quality, frequent and reliable transit network can be a game changer in reducing parking demand by providing commuters and other travels an attractive alternative to driving and as a result reduce parking demand both at origin and destination of trips. A successfully operated transit network can provide convenient access to destinations and encourages people to shift their travel mode, further reducing investments in expensive roadway/freeway capacity improvements.\nSmall-scale example: Transit headways or fees are reduced\nLarge-scale example: Rail lines are double-tracked or electrified allowing for higher speeds and shorter travel times","Less reliance on cars, increased transit ridership, minimal effect on car ownership","Transit-oriented development, population growth, increased residential and employement density, reduced car ownership.",1,1,1,1,1,1,null,null,null,1,1,1,null,null,null,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,null,"1,2,3",3,"0,1,2",null,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,1,0.1,0.3,null,"(1) Transport Review. 2016. Long-term impacts of transport infrastructure networks on land-use change: an international review of empirical studies. Available: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01441647.2016.1168887. Accessed October 2022.",4.4999999999999998E-2,5.5E-2]
[100,8,"Enhanced Ped & Bike Networks","Enhancing pedestrian and bike infrastructure such as sidewalks, crosswalks, bike lanes, protected bike paths, bicycle parking, etc. can incentivize people to not use an automobile to make short trips. A well-connected, safe, low stress, and aesthetically appealing network of active transportation facilities can significantly change the mode share and reduce parking demand. \nExample: Providing protected bike lanes between major origin and destination nodes.","Less reliance on cars, increased walking/biking, minimal effect on car ownership","Walking/biking oriented development, improved health of community, increased residential and employement density, reduced car ownership.",1,1,1,1,1,1,null,null,null,1,1,1,null,null,null,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,null,"1,2,3",2,null,"0,1,2",1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,null,0.05,0.15,null,"(1) USDOT. 2019. Expand and Improve Bicycle and Pedestrian Infrastructure. Available: https://www.transportation.gov/mission/health/Expand-and-Improve-Bicycle-and-Pedestrian-Infrastructure. Accessed October 2022.\n(2) PubMed Central. 2014. New Walking and Cycling Routes and Increased Physical Activiy: One- and 2-year findings from the UK iConnect Study. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4151955/. Accessed October 2022.",2E-3,1E-3]
[120,9,"Increased Development Density\n(Smart Growth)","More intense or compact development maximizes efficient use of land and reduces parking demand because many trips can be completed on other modes such as walking and biking. Mixed-use development, a common feature of more intense development, reduces the need for long-distance trips in automobiles as most of the daily necessities are easily accessible within a relatively small radius. Compact development is conducive to shared parking arrangements and therefore reduces parking demand. Transit investments are more feasible for communities that have high development intensities and adequate number of riders within small distance to stop or station areas. \n\nExample: adding mixed-use infill development to encourage trip capture.","Increased vehicle traffic, higher property values/costs, reduced sprawl","Reduced vehicle traffic as drivers shift to other modes or combine/capture trips.",null,1,null,1,1,null,1,1,null,1,1,1,null,null,null,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,null,"1,2,3","1,2,3","1,2,3","1,2,3",1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,3,0.1,0.3,null,null,0.12]
[100,10,"Price Workplace Parking, Workplace Parking Cash-out","Under a parking cash-out program, the employer offers workers the cash value of the cost of parking space that is provided. This generally works if an employer leases parking for their employees separate from building space. The leased spaces can be on-site or offsite. Many employees choose to trade their parking space for cash and commute to work using other travel modes.\nExample: Each parking space at an office development incurs a monthly fee and can be opted out of. Alternatively provide cash incentive to those who do not use parking at an office development.","Less parking required at office developments; increased carpool, walk & bike, and transit use; complains that parking is too expensive.","Higher development density and reduced car ownership",null,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,null,1,null,null,null,null,1,1,1,1,null,"1,2",1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2,1,1,1,2,0.1,0.3,"(C) – If baseline parking price is $0, set C = ¼ B, allowing for the maximum 50 percent increase in price. Alternatively, for locations that are located within 0.5 mile of transit service, set C = average transit fare to/from the location.","(1) Lehner, S., Stefanie, P. 2019. The Price Elasticity of Parking: A Meta-analysis. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 121 2019. Available: http://sustainabletransportationsc.org/garage/pdf/parking_elasticity.pdf. Accessed: January 2021. \n(2) Shoup, D. 2005. Parking Cash Out. Planners Advisory Service, American Planning Association. Available: http://shoup.bol.ucla.edu/ParkingCashOut.pdf. Accessed: January 2021.",0.08,0.11]
[100,11,"Priority Carpool Parking","This strategy encourages carpooling by providing a designated and convenient space for carpool vehicles. By making parking experience convenient and many times free, the strategy helps in reducing parking demand from single-occupancy vehicles. The strategy also incentivizes rider-sharing and reduces traffic congestion. Carpoolers can share the cost of commuting using a vehicle and may save the cost of parking. This strategy requires careful planning and coordination between carpoolers, employers, property owners and parking management staff for the program to be successful and yield the desired results.\nExample: Designating desirable parking spaces for HOVs or by waiving parking fees for HOVs.\n\n","Less parking required at developments, increased carpool use.","Higher development density and reduced car ownership",1,1,1,1,1,1,null,null,null,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,null,1,1,null,null,1,null,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,null,0.1,0.3]
[100,12,"Advanced Wayfinding and ITS Technologies","Good signage can direct parkers to available spaces quickly and efficiently. An integrated parking guidance system includes wayfinding signage, digital displays, and mobile applications to assist motorists in locating parking spaces. This strategy contributes to a more efficient use of parking spaces and can be used to effectively direct motorists to lesser-known or less-desired spaces within a district. ","Improved parking utilization; less \"cruising\"","Higher development density; increased parking turnover",1,null,null,1,1,null,1,1,null,1,1,1,1,1,null,null,1,1,1,null,1,1,1,null,"1,2,3",1,null,null,null,null,1,1,1,null,1,1,1,null,0.05,0.15]
[100,13,"Parking Time Limits","Time limits are the simplest way to control the use of both on-street and off-street parking. Time-based parking restrictions prohibit parking for certain periods to preserve roadway capacity during peak commuting periods and to save parking resources for particular user groups. In residential areas adjacent to commercial areas, parking time limits are used to discourage long-term parking by employees of the businesses in the commercial areas.\nExample: 15-minute, 30-minute, and 1-hour parking for high- medium- and low-turnover land uses, respectively.","Increased turnover; complaints that time limits aren't long enough; increased parking citations",null,1,1,1,null,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,null,null,null,null,null,1,1,1,1,1,1,null,"1,2,3","1,2,3","1,2,3","1,2,3",null,null,null,2,1,1,2,2,1,null,0.05,0.15]
[100,14,"Demand-Based Parking Pricing","A system of differentiated parking based on demand is a key element in encouraging drivers to use parking efficiently, by gaining the most productivity from the most attractive on-street spaces meanwhile discouraging automobile travel during peak demand hours. Demand based pricing also increases turnover as motorists may be sensitive to higher prices during high demand hours and will avoid overstaying at a desired parking spot. There are many alternatives for collecting on-street parking charges, ranging from traditional parking for on-street meters, to centralized parking machines at parking facilities. \nExample: Using an app to charge $1/hour to park in off-peak periods and $4/hour to park during peak periods.","Less parking required at developments; increased turnover; complaints that parking is too expensive; increased parking citations; revenue generation; some amount of parking typically available at all times","Higher development density; reduced car ownership; area revitalization using revenue generated",1,1,1,null,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,null,null,null,null,null,1,1,1,1,1,1,null,"1,2,3","1,2,3","1,2,3","1,2,3",null,null,null,2,1,1,2,2,1,2,0.1,0.3,"(E) – Because this is used to calculate the percent change in parking price, if parking is free under existing conditions, (E) should be set to (1/2×D), resulting in a percentage change of 100 percent.","(1) Pierce, G., and D. Shoup. 2013. Getting the Prices Right: An Evaluation of Pricing Parking by Demand in San Francisco. Journal of the American Planning Association 79(1)67–81. May. Available: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01944363.2013.787307?needAccess=true. Accessed: January 2021."]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"TOD = 5","Transit = 3","Comprehensive = 3","Comprehensive = 3",null,null,null,null,"High = 3","5+%",null,null,null,"High = 3"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Urban Core = 4","Ped/Bike = 2","Good = 2","Good = 2",null,null,null,null,"Medium = 2","1-5%",null,null,null,"Medium = 2"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Urban/Mixed = 3","Vehicle = 1","Poor = 1","Poor = 1",null,null,null,null,"Low = 1","0-1%",null,null,null,"Low = 1"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Suburban = 2",null,"None = 0","None = 0"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Rural = 1"]